Making of the Constitution
-
Constitution of India was made by a separate body called Constituent Assembly.
- Constitution Assembly
was established in 1946 after the recommendation of the ‘Cabinet Mission Plan’
(CMP).
- Cabinet Mission Plan
consisted of Chairman namely Sir Pathic Lawrence & 2 other members A.V.
Alexander & Sir Stafford Cripps.
- These 3 recommended
for Constituent Assembly. Elections were held to elect members of Constituent
Assembly 1946 (June – August).
The total strength of
Constituent Assembly was to be 389. Of these, 296 seats were to be allocated to
British India. And 93 seats to the Princely States. Out of 296 seats allocated
to the British India, 292 members were to be drawn from the 11 Governors’
provinces and 4 from the four Chief Commissioners’ provinces, one from each.
- However after India’s
division into India and Pakistan, total no. of members were reduced to 299 (Out
of 299, 229 were to be elected and 70 to be nominated)
- Muslim League was the 2nd largest
party in the Constituent Assembly (C.A), which secured 73 seats under the
leadership of Md. Ali Jinnah (the propounder of Bination theory).
- Member of the
Constituent Assembly Dr. B.R. Ambedkar elected from Bengal lost his membership
due to division.
- Constituent
Assembly was a composite body, which represented the best of the lot.
- There were 9 Women
Members and 11 Telugu members including T.T. Prakasam, N.G. Ranga, Durgabai
Deshmukh, Neelum Sanjeev Reddy, Kala Venkat Rao and Patabi Seetharamaiyya.
- Indian National
Congress secured 208 seats in the Constituent Assembly.
- Constituent
Assembly held its 1st meeting on 9th Dec, 1946
@ Central Hall of the Parliament, Delhi.
- One the first day, 211
were present. Sri Sachidananda Sinha was chosen as temporary President of
Constituent Assembly on the same day, as he was the senior most member.
- On Dec 11, 1946
-- Dr. R. Rajendra Prasad was elected unanimously as Standing President of the
Constituent Assembly.
- H.C.Mukherjee was
chosen as Vice President of the Constituent Assembly.
- B.N. Rao was
Chief Advisor to the Constituent Assembly. who was the first Indian to become
Judge of International court of Justice, Hague, Netherlands.
- H.B. Iyengar was
appointed as the Secretary to the Constituent Assembly.
- The Constituent
Assembly constituted 22 Main Committees, 15 Minor Committees and 7 Sub-
Committees which perform different tasks.
- The most important was
the Drafting Committee, constituted on 29 Aug, 1947, Dr. B.R Ambedkar as the
Chairman. It consisted 6 members.
1. Gopal
Swamy Iyengar
2. Alladi
Krishna Swamy Iyer
3. Md.
Sadullah
4. K.M
Munshi
5. N.
Madhav Rao – replaced B.L. Mittal after his resignation
6. T.T.
Krishnamachary – after death of D.P. Khaithan
- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
on 13th Dec 1946, proposed objective resolution, which was
unanimously accepted by the Constituent Assembly on 22nd Jan
1947.
- This objective
resolution was basis for the Preamble of the Constitution of India.
- The Drafting
Committee drafted the Constitution & presented to the Constituent Assembly
which took 114 days to consider the Draft.
- The Constitution
then was adopted & enacted on 26th Nov, 1949, which came
into force on 26th Jan, 1950.
- Total time taken
to prepare Constitution was 2 years, 11 months, 17/18 days.
- Effective working
days were 165 Days & 11 Sessions.
- Total expenditure for
Drafting Constitution was 64 Lakh.
- Total source
Constitutions were 60.
- The Emblem of the
Constituent Assembly was Elephant, symbolizing strength. Total no. of
amendments proposed were 7635 of which only 2473 were accepted.
- At the time of
commencement of the constitution, there were 395 Articles, 22 Parts and 8 Schedules.
- A Part divides
Articles; Schedule is Appendix or Annexure of the Constitution.
- Today we have
448 Articles, 24 Parts, 12 Schedules. Numbered articles were 395 out of 448.
- 75 new Articles
were added & 22 were deleted.
- The Draft
Constitution contained 315 articles before it was adopted by the Constituent
Assembly.
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